QUESTION 1:
Cultural tourism, as a motivational aspect for international tourism, existed during the pre-industrial era, not necessarily for the masses but rather for the elite (Burton, 1995; Smith & Robinson, 2006). Nevertheless, commoditisation of cultural resources for the consumption of mass tourism is rather a new phenomenon that has fostered the requirement for cultural tourism over the last few decades (Yang & Wall, 2009). As such, cultural tourism creations are drawing significant attention as interest in experiencing and learning about diverse cultures has grown widespread among tourists today. The postulation is that if tourism policy makers are not clearly defining their cultural values, along with appropriate strategies to restore their authenticity, it is likely that most of the cultural distinctiveness will be underutilized and eventually lost.
(a) With reference to the above exposé, give explanation for the term cultural tourism
(b) Delineate the five sorts of cultural tourists as proposed by McKercher and Du Cros (2002).
(c) The procedure and product of cultural tourism have been discussed in the literature, which includes two separate schools of thought; one is well placed in the anti-globalization camp, which sees the destruction of authentic culture (Featherstone, 2002), and the other is that which sees culture and identity as a worthwhile commodity in the global market (Geschiere, 2009). Converse this statement with reference to any destination of your choice.
(d) Portray any two features of a "culturally responsible tourist"? Support your answer with instances
QUESTION 2
Studies of the impact on tourism on local communities have revealed that tourism has a sociological consequence on host communities (Cohen, 1988). Among the most cited framework is the Doxey's Irridex Model (1976) which efforts to predict residents' attitudes towards tourists the visitor number increases. Outline and simplify the different stages of the Doxey's model ( support your answer with instances).
QUESTION 3
Festivals, gatherings and events, collectively known as FMEs are emerging at many destinations. Host communities usually bear the burden of FMEs as they are required to accept the latter's activities, open their doors to reception the intrusion and gaze of the sightseer, and to pay for the costs of the additional infrastructure and pressure on essential resources required to host them.
(a) Examine four negative socio-cultural impacts of FMEs; substantiate your answers with instances as far as possible.
(b) Stakeholder participation is vital in promoting cultural tourism and especially FMEs. Converse two ways in which a community approach to sustainable FME management is advantageous to the host community and other stakeholders.
QUESTION 4
World Heritage sites belong to all the individuals of the world, irrespective of the territory on which they are located (UNESCO World Heritage).According to research by Hall and Piggin (2001), over two-thirds of the World Heritage Sites they surveyed, reported an augment in visitor arrivals since gaining World Heritage Status.
(a) Openly converse the historical significance and contemporary importance of any world heritage site in Mauritius.
(b) Think about any historic/heritage site of the Dutch Legacy in Mauritius. Critically confer four practical ways for developing and/or further promoting cultural tourism at the said attraction