Q. What is the name of the cytoplasm division in the end of mitosis and what are the differences in this process between animal and plant cells?
Cytoplasm division occurs after telophase and it is termed as cytokinesis. In animal cells an invagination of the plasma membrane toward the cell center appears in the equator of the parent cell and then the cell is divided into two daughter cells and strangulated in that region. This type of division is termed as centripetal cytokinesis from outside.
In plant cells the cytokinesis is not centripetal since the division happens from the inside. Membranous sacs full of pectin concentrate in the interior central region of the cell and propagate to the periphery toward the plasma membrane. The pectin-containing sacs fuse themselves and form a central structure termed phragmoplast. On the phragmoplast cellulose deposition occurs and a true cell wall is created to separate the daughter cells plant cells thus present centrifugal cytokinesis.
The phragmoplast has "failures", or pores to permit cytoplasmic communications between the daughter cells. These openings are known as plasmodesms.