Q. What do you mean by External Economies?
External economies arise outside the firm as a result of improvement in industrial environment in that the firm operates. They are external to the firm though internal to the industry to which the firms belong. They may be realised from actions of other firms in the same industry or in another industry. Their effect is to cause a change in the prices of factors used by the firm. They cause a shift in the long-run and short-run cost curves of the firm.