Assignment task: Suppose that during one of her special rituals, Sylvia the Psychic comes to believe that it's raining in Boston. Suppose further that it is, in fact, raining in Boston. Her belief is true. But when asked to provide justification for this belief, Sylvia can provide none.
Will the causal theory of knowledge say that Sylvia knows that it's raining in Boston?
O No. The method that she used to form her belief isn't reliable. And since it's not reliable. she doesn't know that it's raining in Boston.
O Yes. The causal theory eliminates justification from an account of knowledge. So even though she doesn't have justification, she still knows that it's raining in Boston.
O Maybe. If she believes that it's raining in Boston because it is, in fact, raining in Boston, then the causal theory will say that she knows.
O No. Since she lacks justification for her belief, no theory of knowledge will say that Sylvia knows.