Question:
Professional Issues in Computing: Ethical Hacking
"White Hat Cracking" involves security testing by arrangement. "Grey Hat Cracking" seeks to identify insecure systems and inform administrators/users of vulnerabilities. "Black Hat Cracking" involves accessing systems.
Counterattacks on phishing servers, spam sources, and malware distributors are held up as "ethical cracking". And "hacktivism" involves cracking for a "higher purpose".
Is it possible to crack systems and still be ethical? Support your position.