Assignment Title: Water Treatment Plant Design
Scope: Based on your study of the Water and Wastewater Treatment Processes, you are asked to design a treatment plant for drinking water to supply 100,000 people. The majority of the particle diameters in the water range between 0.0001 and 0.7 mm. The water has the characteristics shown in Table 1. A radial impeller is to be used for the coagulation/flocculation tank and the design restrictions for the tank are given in Table 2.
Table 1: Water characteristics
|
Parameter
|
Value
|
Unit
|
|
Ca2+
|
55
|
mg/l
|
|
Mg2+
|
20
|
mg/l
|
|
Turbidity
|
25
|
NTU
|
|
Iron
|
500
|
μg/l
|
|
E-Coli
|
104 Per
|
100 ml
|
Table 2: Design restrictions for coagulation/flocculation tank
|
Parameter
|
Value/range
|
Unit
|
|
Water depth (H)
|
1.8
|
m
|
|
Water depth below impeller (B)
|
1.3
|
m
|
|
Gt
|
36000
|
|
|
Diameter of radial impeller (D)
|
0.6 - 1.2
|
m
|
|
Available total area for filtration
|
70
|
m2
|
|
Maximum specific area for each filter
|
35
|
m2/filter
|
|
D/T
|
0.14 - 0.5
|
|
|
H/D
|
02-Apr
|
|
|
H/T
|
0.28 - 2
|
|
|
B/D
|
0.7 - 1.6
|
|
Requirements:
1. Analyze the water to be treated considering the parameters given in Table 1.
a. What parameters need to be removed and to what level.
b. Would this water require softening? If so, explain why and propose a practical solution. Discuss your answers.
2. Propose a process flow sheet to treat this water and show it as a schematic. This should include the following for each process;
a. Proposed removal of each target contaminant.
b. Services, resources and maintenance required. Be specific in your answers.
c. Waste generated.
3. The sizes of all the required tanks.
4. The revolution speeds and settling velocities when applicable.
5. Use the Energy Balance Assessment Toolbox (EBAT), which is available on blackboard, for the same catchment and based on the data given in Table 3 to;
a. Estimate the current total carbon emission.
b. Estimate the carbon emissions in 2050 considering an annual population increase of 0.2%.
c. Propose solutions for a carbon neutral treatment plant by 2050.
d. Critically discuss the proposed solutions (in c) and explain the implications of them on the wider context.
6. Precise and concise answers typed in MS Word and presented well.
Table 3: EBAT Parameters
|
Parameter
|
Value
|
Unit
|
|
Trade Effluent (COD)
|
527585
|
COD Kg/year
|
|
Trade Effluent (flow rate)
|
481
|
Megalitres/year
|
|
Rainfall
|
605
|
mm/year
|
|
Impermeable area
|
2.2
|
km2
|
|
Depth Groundwater Extraction
|
10.5
|
m
|
|
Groundwater
|
100
|
%
|
|
Water Leakage
|
28
|
%
|
|
COD Discharge Limit
|
40
|
mg/L
|
|
Renewable Production (Biogas)
|
2
|
GWhr/year
|
Expectations: You must show the following in all your answers.
1. All the relevant calculations, formulas and assumptions used.
2. Justification of your assumptions and values considered.
3. References when applicable.
Structure: The following is required to be delivered no more than 2000 words.
1. Methodology: clearly show all equations used, chosen methods (with references when applicable), parameter values and relevant assumptions.
2. Results: summarize your findings (e.g. in a table) to show your final answers for each requirement.
3. Discussions of the proposed solutions
4. References (if applicable).
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