Please complete the following problems:1.Problem 2-17 -Echeverria SASee:
PROBLEM 2 -17 High-Low Method; Predicting Cost[ LO 2 -3 , LO 2 -4 ]Echeverria SA is an Argentinian manufacturing company whose total factory overhead costs fluctuate somewhat from year to year according to the number ofmachine-hours worked in its production facility. These costs (in Argentinian pesos) at high and low levels of activity over recent years are given below:
Level of Activity Low HighLOW HOW Machine-hours . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60,000 80,000Total factory overhead costs . . . . . 274,000 pesos 312,000 pesosThe factory overhead costs above consist of indirect materials, rent, and maintenance. The company has analyzed these costs at the 60,000 machine-hourslevel of activity as follows:Indirect materials (variable) . . . . . . . . . . . 90,000 pesosRent (fi xed) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 130,000Maintenance (mixed) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54,000Total factory overhead costs . . . . . . . . . . . 274,000 pesosFor planning purposes, the company wants to break down the maintenance cost into its variable and fixed cost elements.Required:1. Estimate how much of the factory overhead cost of 312,000 pesos at the high level of activity consists of maintenance cost. (Hint: To do this, it may behelpful to first determine how much of the 312,000 pesos cost consists of indirect materials and rent. Think about the behavior of variable and fixed costs.)2. Using the high-low method, estimate a cost formula for maintenance.3. Whattotaloverhead costs would you expect the company to incur at an operating level of 65,000 machine-hours? 2.Problem 2-19 -Sebolt Wire CompanySee:
PROBLEM 2 -19 High-Low and Scattergraph Analysis[ LO 2 -4 ]Sebolt Wire Company heats copper ingots to very high temperatures by placing the ingots in a large heat coil. The heated ingots are then run through ashaping machine that shapes the soft ingot into wire. Due to the long heat-up time, the coil is never turned off. When an ingot is placed in the coil, thetemperature is raised to an even higher level, and then the coil is allowed to drop to the "waiting" temperature between ingots. Management needs to know thevariable cost of power involved in heating an ingot and the fixed cost of power during "waiting" periods. The following data on ingots processed and powercosts are available:
Month NumberPowerOfIngots CostJanuary . . . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . 110 $5,500February. .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. 90 $4,500March . . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . 80 $4,400 April . .. . . . .. . . . .. . . .. . . . .100 $5,000May . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. 130 $6,000June . . .. . . . .. . . . .. . . . .. . . 120 $5,600July. .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . 70 $4,000 August . .. . . . .. . . . .. . . . .. . 60 $3,200September. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. 50 $3,400October . .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .40 $2,400Required:1. Using the high-low method, estimate a cost formula for power cost. Express the formula in the formY5a1bX.2. Prepare a scattergraph by plotting ingots processed and power cost on a graph. Draw a straight line though the two data points that correspond to the highand low levels of activity. Make sure your line intersects theY-axis.3. Comment on the accuracy of your high-low estimates assuming a least-squares regression analysis estimated the total fixed costs to be $1,185.45 per monthand the variable cost to be $37.82 per ingot. How would the straight line that you drew in requirement 2 differ from a straight line that minimizes the sum ofthe squared errors?
3.Problem 2-21 -Golden CompanySee:
PROBLEM 2 -21 High-Low Method; Predicting Cost[ LO 2 -3 , LO 2 -4 ]Golden Company's total overhead cost at various levels of activity are presented below:
Month Machine-TotalOverheadHours CostMarch ... .. .. .. ... .. .. .. .. .50,000 $194,000 April . .. . . . .. . . . .. . . .. . . . 40,000 $170,200May.....................60,000 $217,800June . . .. . . . .. . . . .. . . .. . . . .. . . 70,000 $241,600Assume that the overhead cost above consists of utilities, supervisory salaries, and maintenance. The breakdown of these costs at the 40,000 machine-hourlevel of activity is as follows:Utilities (variable) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $ 52,000Supervisory salaries (fi xed) . . . . . . . . . 60,000Maintenance (mixed) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58,200Total overhead cost . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $170,200The company wants to break down the maintenance cost into its variable and fixed cost elements.Required:1. Estimate how much of the $241,600 of overhead cost in June was maintenance cost. (Hint: To do this, it may be helpful to first determine how much of the$241,600 consisted of utilities and supervisory salaries. Think about the behavior of variable and fixed costs within the relevant range.)2. Using the high-low method, estimate a cost formula for maintenance.3. Express the company's total overhead cost in the formY5a1bX.4. What total overhead cost would you expect to be incurred at an activity level of 45,000 machine-hours? 4.Problem 2-24 -Heritage CompanySee:
PROBLEM 2 -24 Cost Classification and Cost Behavior[ LO 2 -2 , LO 2 -3 , LO 2 -6 ]Heritage Company manufactures a beautiful bookcase that enjoys widespread popularity. The company has a backlog of orders that is large enough to keep production going indefinitely at the plant's full capacity of 4,000 bookcases per year. Annual cost dataat full capacity follow:Direct materials used (wood and glass) . . . . . . . . . . . $430,000 Administrative officesalaries .. . . . .. . . .. . . . .. . . . $110,000Factory supervision . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $70,000Sales commissions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $60,000Depreciation, factory building . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $105,000Depreciation, administrative office equipment . . . . . . $2,000Indirect materials, factory . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $18,000Factory labor (cutting and assembly) . . . . . . . . . . . . . $90,000 Advertising. . . . .. . . .. . . .. . . . .. . . . .. . . .. . . . .. $100,000Insurance, factory . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $6,000 Administrative officesupplies (billing) . .. . . . .. . . .. $4,000Property taxes, factory . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $20,000Utilities, factory . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $45,000Required:
1. Prepare an answer sheet with the column headings shown below. Enter each cost item on your answer sheet, placing the dollar amount under theappropriate headings. As examples, this has been done already for the first two items in the list above. Note that each cost item is classified in two ways: first,as either variable or fixed with respect to the number of units produced and sold; and second, as either a selling and administrative cost or a product cost. (Ifthe item is a product cost, it should also be classified as either direct or indirect as shown.)Selling orCost Behavior Administrative Product CostCost Item Variable Fixed Cost Direct Indirect*Materials used . . . . . . . . . $430,000.......................................... $430,000 Administrative officesalaries. . . . .. . . . .. . . ............... $110,000 ... .$110,000*To units of product.2. Total the dollar amounts in each of the columns in (1) above.
Compute the average product cost per bookcase.3. Due to a recession, assume that production drops to only 2,000 bookcases per year. Would you expect the average product cost per bookcase to increase,decrease, or remain unchanged? Explain. No computations are necessary.4. Refer to the original data. The president's next-door neighbor has considered making himself a bookcase and has priced the necessary materials at a building supply store. He has asked the president whether he could purchase a bookcase from the Heritage Company "at cost," andthe president has agreed tolet him do so.
a.Would you expect any disagreement between the two men over the price the neighbor should pay? Explain. What price does the president probably have in mind? The neighbor?b.Because the company is operating at full capacity, what cost term used in the chapter might be justification for the president to charge the full,regular price to the neighbor andstill be selling "at cost"? Explain