Go the Hershey website to learn how to make Hershey chocolate. Review the process and take a look at some of the videos. Pay particular attention to the process steps of milling and pressing, mixing the ingredients, and refining.
In at least one paragraph, describe the costing system that you would recommend Hershey use to account for its cost of goods soldand why. Include a few product costs you think would be traceable, which costs should be allocated, and how Hershey should account and apply the manufacturing overhead costs.
ASSIGNMENT
Please complete the following 7 exercises below in either Excel or a word document (but must be single document). You must show your work where appropriate (leaving the calculations within Excel cells is acceptable). Save the document, and submit it in the appropriate week using the Assignment Submission button.
Overhead application: Working backward
The Towson Manufacturing Corporation applies overhead on the basis of machine hours. The following divisional information is presented for your review:
|
Division A
|
Division B
|
|
Actual machine hours
|
22,500
|
?
|
|
Estimated machine hours
|
20,000
|
?
|
|
Overhead application rate
|
$4.50
|
$5.00
|
|
Actual overhead
|
$110,000
|
?
|
|
Estimated overhead
|
?
|
$90,000
|
|
Applied overhead
|
?
|
$86,000
|
|
Over- (under-) applied overhead
|
?
|
$6,500
|
Find the unknowns for each of the divisions.
2. Computations using a job order system
General Corporation employs a job order cost system. On May 1 the following balances were extracted from the general ledger;
Work in process $ 35,200
Finished goods 86,900
Cost of goods sold 128,700
Work in Process consisted of two jobs, no. 101 ($20,400) and no. 103 ($14,800). During May, direct materials requisitioned from the storeroom amounted to $96,500, and direct labor incurred totaled $114,500. These figures are subdivided as follows:
|
Direct Materials
|
|
Direct Labor
|
|
Job No.
|
|
Amount
|
|
Job No.
|
|
Amount
|
|
101
|
|
$5,000
|
|
101
|
|
$7,800
|
|
115
|
|
19,500
|
|
103
|
|
20,800
|
|
116
|
|
36,200
|
|
115
|
|
42,000
|
|
Other
|
|
35,800
|
|
116
|
|
18,000
|
|
|
$96,500
|
|
Other
|
|
25,900
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
$114,500
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Job no. 115 was the only job in process at the end of the month. Job no. 101 and three "other" jobs were sold during May at a profit of 20% of cost. The "other" jobs contained material and labor charges of $21,000 and $17,400, respectively.
General applies overhead daily at the rate of 150% of direct labor cost as labor summaries are posted to job orders. The firm's fiscal year ends on May 31.
Instructions:
a. Compute the total overhead applied to production during May.
b. Compute the cost of the ending work in process inventory.
c. Compute the cost of jobs completed during May.
d. Compute the cost of goods sold for the year ended May 31.
1. High-low method
The following cost data pertain to 20X6 operations of Heritage Products:
|
Quarter 1
|
Quarter 2
|
Quarter 3
|
Quarter 4
|
|
Shipping costs
|
$58,200
|
$58,620
|
$60,125
|
$59,400
|
|
Orders shipped
|
120
|
140
|
175
|
150
|
The company uses the high-low method to analyze costs.
a. Determine the variable cost per order shipped.
b. Determine the fixed shipping costs per quarter.
c. If present cost behavior patterns continue, determine total shipping costs for 20X7 if activity amounts to 570 orders.
3. Break-even and other CVP relationships
Cedars Hospital has average revenue of $180 per patient day. Variable costs are $45 per patient day; fixed costs total $4,320,000 per year.
a. How many patient days does the hospital need to break even?
b. What level of revenue is needed to earn a target income of $540,000?
c. If variable costs drop to $36 per patient day, what increase in fixed costs can be tolerated without changing the break-even point as determined in part (a)?
6. Direct and absorption costing
The information that follows pertains to Consumer Products for the year ended December 31, 20X6.
|
Inventory, 1/1/X6
|
24,000 units
|
|
Units manufactured
|
80,000
|
|
Units sold
|
82,000
|
|
Inventory, 12/31/X6
|
? units
|
|
Manufacturing costs:
|
|
Direct materials
|
$3 per unit
|
|
Direct labor
|
$5 per unit
|
|
Variable factory overhead
|
$9 per unit
|
|
Fixed factory overhead
|
$280,000
|
|
Selling & administrative expenses:
|
|
Variable
|
$2 per unit
|
|
Fixed
|
$136,000
|
The unit selling price is $26. Assume that costs have been stable in recent years.
Instructions:
a. Compute the number of units in the ending inventory.
b. Calculate the cost of a unit assuming use of:
1. Direct costing.
2. Absorption costing.
c. Prepare an income statement for the year ended December 31, 20X6, by using direct costing.
d. Prepare an income statement for the year ended December 31, 20X6, by using absorption costing.