BTown Coach Service -
On November 1, 2015, BTown Coach Service (BTown) was incorporated in Massachusetts. BTown will be offering commuter bus service from Boston Logan International Airport to various locations in New England and the Mid-Atlantic region. There will not be any overnight service. Limited service is expected to begin on January 1, 2016, and new routes will be added over the next twelve months.
BTown is authorized to issue up to800,000 shares of its $1 par common stock. On November 1, 2015, the co-founders Ted and Tim, CEO and CFO of BTown, each purchased 50,000 shares of common stock of BTown. The CEO (Ted) purchased his stock for cash in the amount of $12 per share, for a total of $600,000. The CFO (Tim) gave BTown a building on a parcel of land with a total fair market value of $600,000 in exchange for 50,000 shares. The CFO purchased the property 15 years ago at a purchase price of $200,000. The building has a front office space and is of sufficient square footage and height to store several buses when they are not in use and has available space to build a small repair shop so that BTown can perform light maintenance on its own buses. The building is empty and has a fair market value of $400,000, with the remainder of $200,000 attributed to the fair value of the parcel of land. The building has an expected useful life of 40 years with zero salvage value.
BTown hired Harbor Legal and Accounting Services to draft and process the documents relating to the incorporation and establishment of BTown. Harbor has billed BTown $35,000. The owner of Harbor is a friend of the co-founders of BTown and agreed to accept 2,500 shares of common stock in exchange for the legal and accounting services rendered plus $10,000 paid in cash. The bill to Harbor was dated November 15, for work performed related to the start-up of BTown. On November 30, Harbor was paid and the common shares were distributed to Harbor.
On November 15, BTown signed a purchase order for 5 luxury coach buses at a unit price of $825,000, for a total purchase price of $4.125 million. This purchase order does not have any cancellation penalties and deposits are 100% refundable up until the date the buses are delivered in satisfactory condition. These buses seat 50 passengers and have ample storage capacity for luggage. The buses are hybrid fuel buses relying on diesel fuel. BTown expects the buses to have a 20 year life with zero salvage value and the buses will go into service on January 1, 2016, the date BTown starts to provide transportation services. BTown finances the purchase with $125,000 in cash paid on the date the purchase order contract is signed, November 15, 2015, and a note for 5 equal annual payments of $800,000 plus interest beginning on December 31, 2016. BTown's borrowing rate is 10%.The buses were delivered in satisfactory condition and the note was signed on December 31, 2015.
On December 5, BTown purchased state of the art reservation software and a computer for the total price of $60,000. BTown pays the bill in full on the date of delivery, December 5, 2015. BTown expects the software and hardware to have a life of 5 years with no salvage value. BTown also entered into a 5 year service contract with the vendor at a cost of $300 per month and paid for the first year ($3600) upfront on December 5. BTown will begin using the computer and reservation system on January 1, 2016. The service contract also goes into effect on January 1.
During December, BTown embarked on a print, radio and TV ad campaign to make the local market aware of the new bus service at a total cost of $10,000. BTown made an initial retainer payment to the advertising agency on December 1 in the amount of $3,000. The ad agency billed the remaining $7,000 to BTown on December 31, terms n/30. BTown paid the bill on January 31. All advertising services were received during December 2015.
On December 20, BTown placed an order in the amount of $40,000 for essential parts to keep its bus fleet in good working order. The order is fully cancellable and refundable without penalty. The parts were delivered on January 5, 2016, terms 2/10, n/30. BTown realized on inspection of the delivery that a box of gas filters was damaged and refused to accept this box. It was returned to the supplier for a credit on the bill of $500. BTown paid the net amount owed to the supplier on January 15. About half the parts were used for repairs in January, but BTown expects to use, on average, $40,000 of parts per month when business stabilizes. BTown's policy is to take all purchase discounts and record purchases net of the discount. Further, BTown expenses all parts when purchased.
On December 22, BTown purchases a 2 year liability policy effective January 1, 2016 at a cost of $60,000 for the full two years.
BTown hired the aunt of the CFO (Aunt Martha) to pay the bills during the start-up phase, November and December 2015. Martha is not a trained accountant but she is very meticulous in her record keeping. Martha received a fixed payment for her work and was paid in full on December 31 for her services, in the amount of $3000. Ted and Tim did not take any salary during the start-up months and no dividends were paid.
On December 31, BTown paid utilities in the amount of $3000 and BTown owes accrued utilities in the amount of $1000 on December 31 (so, total utilities amounted to $4,000). BTown owes $1200 for office supplies purchased on account on December 15. BTown expenses all office supplies. The bill for office supplies was paid on January 10, 2016.
Effective January 1, a local CPA firm will be taking care of the write up work, paying bills, and filing tax returns. Billings from the CPA firm will be $4,000/month, payable on the 15th day of the following month.
Martha recorded all receipts and disbursements for the two months ended 12/31/15 in the cash account ledger, duplicated below. The balance per the December 31, 2015 bank statement is $332,400.
Cash Account, BTown Coach Service November 1, 2015 through December 31, 2015
|
Date
|
Check #
|
Amount
|
Cash Balance
|
Memo
|
|
November 1
|
Deposit
|
600,000
|
600,000
|
From Ted -Common Stock
|
|
November 15
|
#101
|
(125,000)
|
475,000
|
Buses
|
|
November 30
|
#102
|
( 10,000)
|
465,000
|
Harbor legal
|
|
December 1
|
#103
|
( 3,000)
|
462,000
|
Advertising
|
|
December 5
|
#104
|
( 63,600)
|
398,400
|
Computer, Software, Service
|
|
December 22
|
#106
|
( 60,000)
|
338,400
|
Liability insurance policy
|
|
December 31
|
#107
|
( 3,000)
|
335,400
|
Utilities
|
|
December 31
|
#108
|
( 3,000)
|
332,400
|
Martha
|
BTown began taking reservations and offering service on January 1, 2016, with the introduction of 4 daily round trip reserved bus routes from Boston Logan Airport to Manchester, New Hampshire. Tickets purchased on the bus on the date of the trip cost $65 round trip and $35 one way. In order to encourage riders to purchase reserved seats in advance, a discount ($60 round trip and $32 one way) is offered. The reservation must be made online using a credit card and can be made up to 4 hours prior to the scheduled departure. Point of purchase tickets also must be purchased with a credit card. Unused tickets can be used for up to one year at which time they expire without a refund to the customer. Demand for the service was brisk and the following chart records the sales activity in January:
|
Advance One Way Tickets Sold
|
Advance Round Trip Tickets Sold
|
Point of Purchase One Way Tickets Sold
|
Point of Purchase Round Trip Tickets Sold
|
|
2,000
|
1,000
|
1,000
|
1,100
|
BTown ran 3 round trips per day for each of the 31 days in January. All credit card sales are settled on the day that the charge is processed and assume that all customer ticket purchases are made via credit card. The credit card companies require a .5% fee on the day of the transaction. All point of purchase one way and round trip tickets were used in January. Of the advanced sales, 1200 one way tickets were used in January and 800 round trip tickets were used in January. The credit card fee is expensed as incurred since the tickets are not refundable.
On January 1, the CFO of BTown made arrangements with a local diesel fuel supplier for Diesel Fleet Cards to be kept in each bus. The cards can be used at diesel stations in the region to purchase diesel fuel at $2.90 per gallon, locked in for one year. The current price for diesel in the New England market is $2.90 per gallon but it fluctuates quite a bit. BTown has committed to purchase a minimum of 10,000 gallons of diesel fuel at the locked in price of $2.90 per gallon, with a maximum amount of 30,000 gallons purchased at that price. BTown expects one round trip to use about 30 gallons of diesel fuel, depending on the weather, traffic conditions and weight of the bus. The cost of all fuel purchased on the Diesel Fleet Cards is settled every evening, like a credit card, so it is essentially immediate payment to the diesel supplier. No diesel fuel is stored and any left in the bus fuel tanks at the end of the day is immaterial. BTown has adopted the policy of expensing fuel as purchased. During January, BTown purchased and paid for 2900 gallons of gas all at the locked in price.
BTown has made a commitment to safety and hired experienced drivers through Bus Drivers, Inc., a company that trains drivers and covers their benefits and liability insurance. The agreed upon fees depend on the route length with premiums paid when routes take longer than anticipated for weather and traffic delays with the average payment to Bus Drivers, Inc. per round trip equal to $650. Bus Drivers, Inc. bills BTown every Monday for the prior week (Monday through Sunday) and BTown makes an immediate wire transfer. Wire transfers for January 2016 are:
|
Date of Payment
|
Dollar Amount
|
|
January 4
|
$ 7,800
|
|
January 11
|
13,650
|
|
January 18
|
13,650
|
|
January 25
|
13,650
|
Phone service and internet service in the office and wifi on the buses is provided by a local company at the cost of $750 per month beginning January 1. The bill for January was received on February 3 with terms n/10 and paid on February 13.Other utilities used for the month of January amounted to $3000, and a payment of $2500 was made on January 31. This $2,500 included the $1,000 that was accrued and owed from December 2015.
BTown uses straight line depreciation for all productive assets, and follows USGAAP. Assume all long-term assets purchased are placed in service on January 1, 2016. Ignore income taxes.
In March 2016, BTown made the following additional accounting decisions:
1. After reviewing the accounting treatment of their long-term assets on March 1st, 2016, BTown changed the useful lives of the buses from 20 to 15 years and also now believes that the buses will have a salvage value of $200,000 combined when fully depreciated. Further, the building's useful life has been reduced from 40 to 25 years.
2. BTown has contracted with a local construction company to build their small repair shop (construction completed March 31, 2016). Construction costs incurred include the following: Legal fees for drawing up the construction contract ($5,000), materials and labor ($37,000), advance payments of property taxes for Summer 2016 ($4,000), State registration fees ($500), and Architect fees for construction plans ($2,500).
3. On March 1st, BTown receives a bank statement for the period ending January 31, 2016. The bank statement has an ending cash balance of $466,650. BTown performs a bank reconciliation with these items: Outstanding checks ($20,500), January 31st cash deposits not submitted to bank until February 1st ($11,000), Check written by BTown for $5,800 was recorded on the books at $8,500. The bank correctly deducted $5,800, Bank service charges ($350), Check from customer included in book cash returned from bank due to non-sufficient funds ($377).
4. Demand for the new bus service has been brisk since it is a cost effective way for college students enrolled at a variety of colleges near Manchester, New Hampshire to travel back and forth to Boston. BTown wants to tap into this market in other locations in New England, and intends to expand to several additional geographic areas within the next six months. BTown believes that the service will be even more popular if college students can use a purchase interface to quickly purchase tickets with funds loaded on their university student accounts, eliminating the need for a credit card. The CEO also believes demand will be further enhanced if customers can track the location of buses via an App. The CEO has hired a start-up company affiliated with a college in Boston to create the purchase interface and a GPS locater App for a total fee of $100,000, to be delivered for testing by the end of May. Development of the software is quite doable and its use is expected to increase future revenue. The first progress payment of $20,000 was made on March 31, 2016 for work performed to date to develop the software. The second progress payment of $40,000 is due on April 30, and another $30,000 is due on May 31. Testing of the software and determination of technological feasibility is expected to occur in early May, with release of the App in late May, 2016. The last $10,000 is not paid until the software has been running successfully for one month, or at the end the June 2016.
Required -
PART I -
1. Prepare all journal entries in good form for the two month period from November 1 through December 31, 2015. Please prepare any adjusting journal entries in chronological order. The closing entry is not necessary.
2. Using the journal entries and the data provided by Martha, prepare an income statement, for the two months ended December 31, 2015, and balance sheet at December 31, 2015.
3. Prepare all the journal entries in good form for January 2016, including any adjusting journal entries. Record one revenue entry, one entry for the purchase of diesel fuel, and one entry for the compensation to the bus drivers for the entire month.
4. Prepare an income statement for the month ended January 31, 2016, and a balance sheet at January 31, 2016.
5. Calculate the net increase in Cash during the period from the date the company was formed to the balance sheet date of January 31. How much of this increase came from or was used by operating activities, how much from investing activities, and how much from financing activities?
PART II -
1. Why is BTown's method of accounting for parts inventory appropriate? Discuss.
2. How should BTown account for the software development costs? Show all appropriate journal entries under GAAP. If BTown used IFRS instead of USGAAP, would the accounting for the software be the same or different as of March 31, 2016? Explain.
3. BTown expects the Manchester routes to be at 90% capacity in February. Estimate net income for February. Assume all tickets are round trip and 50% are advance tickets (50% point of purchase) and that none of these 85% riders had a ticket before February (they all purchased their ticket via credit card in February). BTown expects to continue to run only 3 round trips/day in February. In addition, consider all estimable expenses but assume utilities, wi-fi, and parts used are the same as in January (use the same expense for both months-ignore the cash payments made. You are just concerned with the actual expense to book).
4. Compute the new depreciation expense for the buses and building for the month of March 2016 and create the new journal entry for March 2016. What is the book value of these assets as of March 31st, 2016?
5. What is the amount that BTown should capitalize (if anything) for the new repair shop completed March 31st, 2016? If an amount should be capitalized, why does BTown capitalize these expenditures as opposed to expensing them immediately?
6. Create a bank reconciliation for the month ended January 31st, 2016. Use your cash balance from the balance sheet created in Part I, Question 4 above as your starting book balance. What is the correct ending book cash balance?