discuss/debate what the text has to say about the early history of criminal theory and its application to crime control i.e., Positivist School vs. Classical School, plus gender, class and race as they relate to crime. Also, discuss if racial profiling is justifiable? Ever? If the answer is yes, discuss how effective the profiling must be to remain justified? If the answer is no, do the events of 9/11 suggest a justification for other forms of ethnic profiling?