Assignment:
Question 1. Individuals performing ratio analysis include (1) banks evaluating potential loan applications from small businesses, (2) investment analysts evaluating the investment quality of a firm’s stock, and (3) internal management, assessing the firm’s current strengths and weaknesses. Select one of the three parties above, and for that party, identify which of the five ratio groups (liquidity, activity, debt, profitability, or market) would be of most value and which would probably be of least value. Explain the reasons behind your choices.
Question 2. Who are the major policy makers for the Federal Reserve System and how do they rise to such an influential position? How do these policymakers influence national economic objectives? What part of this relationship could be influenced by the citizens of the country? Why?
Question 3. Is it possible for a firm to have a positive profit and yet have a negative cash flow? Describe a scenario under which this might occur? Where does the money from profits go in such a case?
Question 4. If you were to examine the cash budgets of almost any organization, you would find distinct seasonal patterns of cash inflows and outflows. These patterns cause months during the year when almost every business is flush with cash, and other months in which things are extremely tight. Select an organization in which you are (were) employed, and describe the seasons of the year when this firm was flush with cash and the seasons when this firm was typically on a tight budget. Why did these times occur?
Question 5. One of the basic financial principles is that the value of any asset (whether it be a stock, a bond, or a firm as a whole) is the present value of that asset’s future cash flows. As you learned in this chapter, finding present values requires determining a discount rate. Assume you want to buy a business, and you want to find the present value of its future cash flows. Name at least one variable you should consider in determining the correct discount rate to use and explain its role in discount rate determination. If possible, try to identify a variable that has not yet been mentioned by your classmates.
Question 6. Look at the Focus on Ethics box (“How Fair Is Check Into Cash”) in Chapter 5 of the textbook. These, businesses quote an interest rate of 15% to loan customers (most of whom are fairly unsophisticated) and yet the EAR of the loan is close to 400%. Explain the wide discrepancy between these rates. What do you believe is the correct regulatory response to these types of lenders?
Question 7. There is an inverse relationship between interest rate changes and changes in the market price of outstanding bonds. Explain the logic behind this principle. Given this relationship, do you believe it is currently a good time to buy bonds? Why or why not?
Question 8. There is an inverse relationship between interest rate changes and changes in the market price of outstanding bonds. Explain the logic behind this principle. Given this relationship, do you believe it is currently a good time to buy bonds? Why or why not?
Question 9. Several stock valuation models were described in the chapter, including zero-growth, constant growth, variable growth, free cash flow, book value, and P/E multiple models. Which of these do you believe would generate the most accurate value estimates for most firms? Explain your choice.
Question 10. Read the Focus on Ethics box (“Psst! Have You Heard Any Good Quarterly Earnings Forecasts Lately?”). Explain what quarterly earnings guidance is, and what purpose it is supposed to serve. If you were a corporate CEO, would you discontinue this practice? Why or why not?
Question 11. Read the Focus on Ethics box (“Psst! Have You Heard Any Good Quarterly Earnings Forecasts Lately?”). Explain what quarterly earnings guidance is, and what purpose it is supposed to serve. If you were a corporate CEO, would you discontinue this practice? Why or why not?
Question 12. In general, the cost of debt capital is lower than the cost of equity capital. For this reason, it might be expected that firms with high debt ratios would have a lower weighted average cost of capital. Explain at least one reason why this is not the case.
Question 13. Which capital investment technique does the discussion in the textbook favor? Why? Do you agree with this assessment?
Question 14. Assume your firm has multiple investments to consider each with differing risk levels. How can differing risk levels be incorporated into NPV analysis? How can they be incorporated into IRR analysis?
Write each answer in 1 paragraph in APA format and also include references.