Question: 1. Police officers are not liable in Section 1983 cases "unless they violate a clearly established constitutional or federally given right of which a reasonable person would have known." Using decided cases, explain what is meant by a "clearly established constitutional right."
2. Give instances when an officer may be liable under state tort law.
3. What is the difference between reasonable force and unreasonable force in policing? Give an example of police use of reasonable force and then an example of police use of unreasonable force.