1. Substituents on an aromatic ring can alter both the stereoselectivity and reactivity of an electrophilic aromatic substitution. Please describe/explain "activating" and "deactivating" substituents, in addition to mentioning the positions strongly affected on the aromatic ring by such substituents. Please give one example of an activating substituent and one example of a deactivating substituent.
2. Is there a reason why bromination is favoured at a 2'-postion, as opposed to a 3'-position, of an aromatic ring?