Perspective of project risk assessment

Question

Assignment:

In brief summarize the 12 case studies attached. From the perspective of project risk assessment, present and discuss your opinion on why they occurred.

Disaster	Year	Root Cause(s)	Avoidance Strategy
USS Princeton Explosion	1844	Failure to adhere to design standards	Strict adherence to design reviews
Sinking of the Titanic	1912	Carelessness due to sense of invulnerability ("unsinkable")	Strictly enforced safety precautions and monitoring of danger signs
Airgill Train Wreck	1913	Failure to have adequate staffing due to cost-cutting measures	Regulations requiring adequate staffing
Johnstown Flood	1889	Social arrogance, lack of concern for safety of those considered of an inferior class	External regulation, strictly and evenly-enforced
DC-10 Crash	1974	Lax safety standards and failure to ground defective aircraft	Enforcement of standards, avoidance of risky deployment of equipment
Tenerife Runway Collision	1977	Stress and fatigue resulting in fatal miscommunication	Formalized programs to counteract stress, fatigue, and burnout. Limitation of overtime for all workers
Santa Barbara Oil Spill	1967	Indifference to public safety in the interest of higher profits	Externally-initiated inspections
Love Canal Toxic Waste Contamination	1953	Lack in understanding dangers and attempts to cover up hazards to limit corporate liability	Public awareness programs and environmental regulation
Apollo 1 Fire	1967	Faulty wiring and failure to observe proper spacecraft pressurization requirements	Frequent inspections
Three Mile Island	1979	Human error and complexity of the plant	Comprehensive training programs and simulations
Challenger Disaster	1986	Poor risk management and precautionary measures	Solid risk management initiatives
Bhopal Poison Gas Release	1984	Intentional cost-cutting of safety measures justified by sense that endangered population was inferior	International standards for safety and uniformly enforced inspections