Problem: Helping behavior is theorized to not be related to the personality trait of openness to experience or to impulsivity. A researcher tests this by measuring helping behavior (whether a participant helps an experimenter pick up pencils that fell to the floor) and by also measuring openness to experience and impulsivity with surveys. The researcher finds that helping behavior (how many pencils the participant helped pick up) was not correlated to openness to experience or to impulsivity. That is, the measure of helping behavior exhibited _____ validity.