The OPEC Cartel has had periods of success as well as failure. Of the following factors, which does not contribute to success in a cartel?
a. a low price elasticity of demand for oil (inelastic demand).
b. restricted supply of other forms of energy, such as nuclear.
c. together, members of OPEC control a large percentage of known oil reserves.
d. supply of crude oil by non-OPEC producers is very elastic.
e. all of the above factors contribute to cartel success.