Why is it said that plants and animals have modes of multi-cellularity that evolved independently of each other? (Pick two that are true) (Fill in TWO bubbles)
a. One arose in an organism that already showed multi-cellularity of the other type.
b. The two forms arose simultaneously on different parts of the earth.
c. Plants arose from a single-celled lineage with both mitochondria and chloroplasts.
d. Animals arose from a single-celled lineage with mitchondria, but no chloroplasts.
e. Plants show a derived simpler version of the same type of multi-cellularity found in animals.
11 Pick the best definition of the "multi-cellularity" contract inherent in maintaining multi-cellularity.
a. Somatic cells give up reproduction and immortality if germ-line cells will take on the job of
replicating and distributing the information.
b. Somatic cells promise to do their function efficiently and minimize their energetic cost to the
organism as a whole.
c. Germ line cells enslave somatic cells and impose restrictions that force them (against their
will) to surrender their rights to replication.
d. This contract involves cooperation between somatic cells to minimize each others growth.
e. This contract limits the size of organisms by limiting the extent of somatic cell division.
In some biological lineages, complexity increased leading to large plants and animals. Is the drive
toward increasing complexity inherent in natural selection? Pick the best two answers
below (Fill TWO bubbles)
a. No, increases in complexity are favored only if they enhance reproductive success.
b. Yes. Under any set of circumstances more complex organisms have an advantage.
c. No. In many lineages organisms got simpler rather than more complex.
d. No. Simpler is almost always better because it comes with a lower cost of maintaining both
symbolic (genetic) and structural (somatic) information.
e. Yes. It's always easier to add a new gene than to remove a gene"