Assignment task:
WHAT: REPLY to the TWO Discussion Posts
FORMAT: APA with In-text Citation and Reference List
REFERENCES: TWO Peer-Reviewed references minimum within last 5 years
INCLUDE: Turnitin Report
Discussion Post Reply #1:
Primary sources of research are immediately available observations regarding a topic obtained from people with direct experience. This can include but not limited to a textbook, an article, and journals. A primary source makes available firsthand evidence with original data.
An overview or comprehensive analysis of previous research is referred to as a literature review. A literature review has a purpose to get a better understanding of specific research.
According to an article wrote by Maeda et al. (2021), "systematic review is a 'methodology used systematically to search for and synthesize knowledge generated through empirical studies to inform policy and decision-making and to uncover hidden patterns or trends that exist among relevant studies' (Grant & Booth, 2009)". This approach is usually used to minimize bias in summarizing research and is a form of secondary research.
A meta-analysis is a "statistical approach to synthesizing the results of a number of studies that produce a larger sample size and thus greater power to determine the true magnitude of an effect" (Melnyk & Fineout-Overholt, 2019, p. 171). A systematic review involves many studies to address a specific clinical question while avoiding bias and meta-analysis is used to analyze the studies into one result. Need Assignment Help?
Discussion Post Reply #2:
Primary sources of research include the original data collected by the researcher or the feelings and interpretation of the research by participants (Schuurman & Eijkman, 2013). However secondary sources include interpretations of research by other authors (Schuurman & Eijkman, 2013). Sources of primary studies include CINAHL, Embase, ERIC, and Medline (Melnyk & Fineout-Overholt, 2023). These sources are usually accessible through institutions or personal subscriptions.
Literature reviews include a defined topic and research question, they provide a summary of the literature emphasizing what is known in the literature and then provides an overview summary of the research questions (Dodgeson, 2023). The researcher should identify literature that can help them to answer the research question (Mathew, 2022). They should then summarize the knowledge found in the literature and can further apply the review to their research (Dodgeson, 2023).
Systematic reviews are studies that use systematic search of literature and further summarize primary research in away that is nonbiased (Melnyk & Fineout-Overholt, 202). Systematic reviews are seen as superior to primary sources due to the limited bias in systematic reviews (Mathew, 2022). The key aspects of systematic reviews include: ask (PICOT or research question), access (obtaining literature to answer research question), assimilate (find strategies that were used to synthesize primary research studies), appraise (includes a critical appraisal of literature studies), analyze (analyze descriptive and quantitative data), and apply (explain how findings can be applied to patients) (Mathew, 2022).
Meta-analysis is pulling data from different individual studies (Mathew, 2022). The data may be presented via graphs or plots to allow the reader to easily understand the data.
The meta-analysis includes six questions to help the reader further understand the data. These include: what is the comparison, what outcome is being compared, how is the data presented, what statistical model is used, what is the pooled effect, and what is the heterogeneity (Mathew, 2022).