Problem:
41-year-old Patrick Granite has been diagnosed with renal calculi. He presented with excruciating pain to the Emergency Department (ED) describing pain which "moves" radiating from his back to his groin; on presentation he was administered a strong analgesic (Morphine). Now on the ward, Patrick indicates his pain has increased again. The Registered Nurse administers prescribed PRN analgesic Oxycodone 5mg and 1g of Paracetamol. Patrick is confused about his condition and asks you what is causing this intense moving pain.
• Explain to Patrick what is occurring in his body to cause this pain. In your explanation, you need to outline the pathophysiology of this condition so that the marker will recognise your understanding, but also that the patient will understand.