Problem 1: Outline the full signaling pathway by which GPCRs increase cytosolic Ca2+ and activate PKC. (Do not simply say "activate" or "inactive", describe each regulation mechanism in detail.)
Problem 2: IP3 signaling helps regulate sweating, which is important for regulating body temperature. Anhidrosis, the inability to sweat normally, can be caused by genetic and environmental factors. A rare mutation has been identified in a family with several children suffering from anhidrosis. The mutation inactivates the protein that IP3 binds on the ER membrane. Which of the following treatments would be able to repair the signaling defect in cells isolated from these patients?
a) activation of phospholipase Cβ in the cell
b) addition of PKC to the cell
c) addition of high amounts of Ca2+ in the cytosol
d) addition of high amounts of IP3 in the cell