To what extent were the modernization efforts taken in the 19th century in the Ottoman Empire successful in modernizing the country?
Look into the 4 periods of Ottoman Empire under different rulers in the 19th Century. Begining with Mahmut II, the Tanzimat era, the Ottoman Constitution period and the final Abdulhamit II period and analyze each period if it was modernizing or not. In the end analyze if the modernization efforts undertaken during these periods were successful in modernizing the Ottoman Empire or not on the short term and on the long term.