Question 1
Which of the following is true regarding endocrine glands?
Answer
As the body matures, endocrine glands develop from specialized exocrine glands.
Endocrine glands empty their products into a duct.
Examples of endocrine glands include sweat glands and salivary glands.
Endocrine glands are connective tissues that are specialized to produce and secrete a product.
Endocrine glands produce and secrete hormones.
Question 2
One of the most common ways to get information out to a wide audience in the least amount of time regarding "hot" topics in science is by using
Answer
peer reviewed journals
science magazines
the Discovery channel on television
general interest news magazines or newspapers
books
Question 3
Which of the following is not true regarding nucleotides?
Answer
An RNA nucleotide could be made up of ribose, a phosphate, and cytosine.
DNA nucleotides contain deoxyribose; RNA nucleotides contain sucrose.
There are four different DNA nucleotides.
RNA nucleotides are assembled into RNA by the process of dehydration synthesis.
Nucleotides are bonded together by covalent bonds between the sugars and the phosphates.
Question 4
Which enzyme is a potentially useful indicator of certain types of cancers?
Answer
antioxidants
trypsin
amylase
telomerase
DNAse I
Question 5
Which of the following is a true statement?
Answer
Molecules are considered to be the smallest unit capable of exhibiting all the characteristics of life.
Cells arise spontaneously from nonliving chemical elements.
All living things are made up of at least one cell.
Cells are incapable of maintaining homeostasis because they are too small.
Organisms composed of many cells are unicellular.
Question 6
Which of the following is not true regarding the regulation of blood flow?
Answer
Blood flow to localized areas is adjusted to meet the requirements of that particular tissue.
In order to maintain homeostasis, arterial blood pressure is allowed to fluctuate so that the oxygen/nutrient demands of various tissues are met.
A constant blood pressure in the arteries is maintained through the regulation of heart rate and force of contraction.
Regulating the diameter of systemic arterioles helps to maintain constant blood pressure.
Baroreceptors are important in the regulation of blood pressure.
Question 7
Most surveillance systems are passive and disease specific.
Answer
True
False
Question 8
Which of the following is not true regarding the immune response?
Answer
The immune response uses chemical and phagocytic cells to destroy foreign cells.
Once initiated, the immune response provides protection for the entire body.
The key to immune response is the ability of the components involved to be able to distinguish between the body cells and foreign cells.
The immune response involves the activities of proteins, cells, and the lymphatic system.
The immune response involves the ability to "remember" exposures to pathogens in order to increase the rate of response upon subsequent infections by that pathogen.
Question 9
The best definition of a poison is:
Answer
any chemical that is foreign to the body
any substance that can potentially produce toxicity
any substance that if present in the body in relatively small amounts that may produce serious injury
any poisonous substance produced by an organism
Question 10
About 55% of whole blood is ____, which is mostly made up of water.
Answer
plasma
hemoglobin
white blood cells
clotting proteins
hematocrit
Question 11
Disulfide bonds are most characteristic of which of the following levels of protein structure?
Answer
primary
secondary
tertiary
quaternary
none of the above
Question 12
Skin becomes less flexible as individual ages because of a decrease in the number of protein fibers associated with the dermis.
Answer
True
False
Question 13
Red-green color blindness is an X-linked recessive disorder. Assume that mom is a carrier and dad is color blind. What is the chance that their son will inherit red-green color blindness?
Answer
0%
25%
50%
75%
100%
Question 14
Human cells, with the exception of the gametes, reproduce by mitosis.
Answer
True
False
Question 15
A student noticed that every time he smelled a certain perfume in the hallway, it reminded him of his mother. This is due largely to the activity of the limbic system.
Answer
True
False
Question 16
Bulk movement of water across plasma membranes and the exchange of oxygen from blood into cells are similar in that the method of transport is by
Answer
facilitated transport.
active transport.
sodium-potassium pumps
Question 17
Excitatory neurotransmitters encourage the generation of new electrical impulses by
Answer
stimulating saltatory conduction.
stimulating depolarization of postsynaptic neurons.
inhibiting postsynaptic neurons from repolarizing.
inhibiting presynaptic neurons from depolarizing.
stimulating depolarization of presynaptic neuorons
Question 18
Which of the following is not true regarding pneumonia?
Answer
It is caused by the bacterium Mycobacterium tuberculosis.
Symptoms include fever, cough, and shortness of breath.
It ranks among the top 10 causes of death in North America.
It can be caused by a viral infection.
Symptoms result from inflammation of the lungs and secretion of excess fluid by the alveoli.
Question 19
Vasoconstriction causes an increase in the diameter of blood vessels, thus causing an increase in blood flow to the tissues.
Answer
True
False
Question 20
Dead and injured white blood cells are removed from circulation by the:
Answer
red bone marrow.
Question 21
Which of the following membranes lines the airways and digestive tract?
Answer
serous
cutaneous
membranous
synovial
mucous
Question 22
When the amount of thyroxine in the body increases, the basal metabolic rate of the body also increases.
Answer
True
False
Question 23
Which of the following would result in passive immunity?
Answer
vaccination
past occurrence of an infection or disease
production of memory cells
movement of antibodies across the placenta from mother to child
stimulation of T cells and B cells by an antigen
Question 24
Restriction enzymes are used in genetic engineering to cut DNA between specific base pairs in a DNA strand, resulting in DNA segments that are then used for further study and analysis.
Answer
True
False
Question 25
Which of the following is not considered a potential problem when using retroviruses as gene delivery vectors?
Answer
Retroviruses splice their own RNA-based genetic code permanently into the DNA of the cells they infect.
Retroviruses generally insert foreign DNA into a cell only when the cell is dividing.
Retroviruses insert their genetic material randomly in the genome.
Retroviruses must be rendered harmless before being used.
Question 26
Vasoconstriction and vasodilation of blood vessels are caused by a number of factors including:
Answer
emotions
closing/opening of precapillary sphincters
hormones
nervous stimulation
all of the above
Question 27
In some cases, why doesn't the immune system recognize and destroy a cancer?
Answer
Cancer cells that produce abnormal antigens sometimes shed them.
Cancer cells have less surface receptors needed for proper activation of T cells.
Cancer cells have enough "self" surface markers as to be identified as normal cells.
Cancer cells develop from normal cells that cannot regulate cell division.
all of the above
Question 28
Which term describes an active, orderly process for eliminating genetically damaged or dead cells without inflammatory reactions?
Answer
Necrosis
Apoptosis
Mitosis
Fibrosis
Question 29
When a blood pressure is taken by a medical professional, the pressure in the main veins is recorded.
Answer
True
False
Question 30
Peer review is essential to the scientific process because
Answer
It ensures that the findings from experimentation are scrutinized for accuracy
it is the primary means for informing other scientists of new information in the field
the process can lead to improvements in articles prior to being published
the process immediately validates any hypothesis tested in the experiments
both A and C
Question 31
Which of the following is an oligosaccharide?
Answer
glucose
DNA
maltose
starch
ribose
Question 32
Which of the following is not true regarding arrhythmias?
Answer
One type, known as ventricular fibrillation, is the leading cause of cardiac death in people who are otherwise in good health.
An artificial pacemaker can sometimes be used to correct this condition.
All forms of arrhythmias are considered serious medical conditions.
Arrhythmias can occur when heart muscle becomes damaged.
An ECG can be used to diagnose this condition.
Question 33
Hemolytic disease of the newborn could result from which of the following situations?
Answer
mom is Rh+; fetus is Rh-
mom is Rh-; fetus is Rh+
mom is Rh+; fetus is Rh+
mom is Rh-; fetus is Rh-
either C or D
Question 34
Cyanide is the most acutely toxic substance known.
Answer
True
False
Question 35
The first successful treatment of a human genetic disorder through gene therapy was with a disorder known as:
Answer
severe combined immunodeficiency disease.
diabetes mellitus.
human dwarfism.
acquired immune deficiency syndrome.
Question 36
Which of the following best explains how water moves freely across a plasma membrane?
Answer
Because of the charges on phospholipids, water moves directly through the phosopholipid bilayer.
Water is brought into the cell by endocytosis and released by exocytosis.
Because water is so important to a cell, it is actively transported across the membrane.
Water moves through protein-lined channels in the plasma membrane.
The passage of water across a plasma membrane requires facilitated transport.
Question 37
Muscle cells store energy in the form of ________ until it is used for the production of ATP.
Answer
glucose
starch
glycogen
fat
sucrose
Question 38
The more buffers present in a body fluid, the less stable the pH will be.
Answer
True
False
Question 39
Which of the following is not true of influenza viruses?
Answer
All strains of influenza virus are highly pathogenic.
The influenza virus genome contains RNA rather than DNA.
Nutritional factors affect the ability of the influenza virus to cause infection.
The relationship between virus and host depends partially on haemaglutinin present on the viral surface.
Question 40
Which of the following diseases is caused by a virus?
Answer
rabies
Lyme disease
syphilis
toxic shock syndrome
tuberculosis
Question 41
Why do some physicians advise patients with a bladder infection to drink a lot of cranberry juice?
Answer
Cranberry juice contains chemicals that kill viruses and bacteria.
The increased volume of fluid in the bladder causes bacterial cells to burst as they absorb the excess fluid.
Cranberry juice makes the urine more acidic, decreasing the rate at which microorganisms can grow and reproduce.
Cranberry juice increases the efficiency of urine production by the kidneys.
all of the above
Question 42
Pharmaceutical companies prefer to genetically engineer large animals with human genes because it may be possible to obtain large amounts of the resulting protein from the animals':
Answer
Question 43
Not only does science involve gaining knowledge about the natural world, it also involves the process of obtaining that knowledge.
Answer
True
False
Question 44
Translocation occurs when a piece of chromosome breaks off and is lost.
Answer
True
False
Question 45
Which of the following best describes an angiogram?
Answer
an x-ray picture of blood vessels
a recording of heart sounds
use of a balloon to widen an artery
a sensation of pain in the chest associated with poor blood circulation to the heart
a recording of the electrical activity of the heart
Question 46
Which of the following body fluids is not known to transmit HIV from human to human?
Answer
blood
semen
saliva
vaginal fluid
breast milk
Question 47
An increased risk for cardiovascular health problems is associated with:
Answer
an elevated level of hemoglobin.
high blood levels of HDLs.
decreased production of albumins.
high blood levels of LDLs.
low blood levels of LDLs.
Question 48
The process by which the blastocyst becomes buried within the endometrial lining of the uterus is:
Answer
differentiation
embryonic development.
Question 49
Which of the following is true regarding lung cancer?
Answer
Symptoms include chest pain, chronic cough, and wheezing.
Lung cancer may be treated with surgery, chemotherapy, and/or radiation.
This type of cancer typically takes many years to develop.
Problems associated with lung cancer include inadequate exchange of gases in the alveoli and impairment of blood flow in the pulmonary blood vessels.
all of the above
Question 50
State-level data on seasonal influenza are general, qualitative reports from state and territorial epidemiologists, summarizing weekly influenza activity, rather than specific numbers of infections.
Answer
True
False