1. If in an experiment P(success) = 1/3, then the odds against success are 3 to 1.
2. One of the main reasons for using random sampling is to find the probability that an experiment could yield a particular outcome by chance if the null hypothesis is true.
3. The a level in a statistical procedure depends on the field of investigation, the cost, and the seriousness of error; however, traditional levels are often used.