One kilogram of air (which behaves as an ideal gas) in a piston-cylinder assembly is subjected to two separate processes from the same initial to the same final state: at the initial state the air has a volume of 1,000 L, a pressure of 10^5 N/m2, and a temperature of 420K. At the final state the air has a volume of 100 L, a pressure of 10^6 N/m2, and a temperature of 490K.
Process #1 involves two steps: it first pressurizes the air to 10^6 N/m2 at constant volume and then takes it to the final state at constant pressure.
Process #2 involves a single step taking the air from the initial to the final state, while pV=constant.
(a) Sketch each process on a p-V diagram indicating initial, middle (if any), and final states;
(b) How much heat in kJ is exchanged during each of the two processes;
(c) Which process requires the least amount of heat input or yields the highest amount of heat output.