1. Write down the equations for the reverse active mode by inspection without doing any algebra.
2. Are there any currents flowing in the cutoff mode? What is their magnitude if there are?
3. Obtain the saturation voltage expressions for CB and CE configurations of a n/p/n BJT by inspection of the results listed in the text for the p/n/p BJT. Estimate the magnitude and give the sign following the procedure and assumed parameter values given in the text.