OBJECTIVES : After reading surgery, you will be able to:
1 understand the fundamental of closed and open heart surgery and recent developments in off pump surgery;
2 innumerate the indications for, the types of surgery performed for coronary antory and valvular heart diseases;
3 describe the miscellaneous conditions and pericardial 'disease which may require surgery;
4 innumerate the indications for surgical intervention in a patients with infective endocarditis; and
5 describe the common congenital heart 7980 diseases and the surgical procedure that one feasible in those situation.