Problem 1: What two things must happen in order for a cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK) to become fully activated?
Problem 2: What are the three best understood negative regulatory molecules of the cell cycle?
Problem 3: How does p21 enforce a halt in the cycle dictated by p53?
Problem 4: When Rb is bound to E2F, production of proteins necessary for the which cell cycle transition is blocked?
Problem 5: Despite the redundancy and overlapping levels of cell cycle control, errors do occur. One of the critical processes monitored is the proper replication of DNA during the ____ phase.
Problem 6: The genes that code for the positive cell cycle regulators are called ___________
Problem 7: What are tumor suppressor genes?
Problem 8: Without a fully functional p53, the _________ checkpoint is severely compromised, and the cell proceeds directly from G1 to S regardless of internal and external conditions.
Problem 9: Which type of cancer was the leading cause of death worldwide in 2020?
Problem 10: What are the monomers of nucleic acids called? ____________
Problem 11: Describe what happens when the two DNA strands of the double helix are exposed to high temperatures or to certain chemicals?