Mitochondria are one of two cell organelles that have their own DNA and are capable of both replicating their DNA and replicating themselves. Since in human reproduction the sperm is basically a nucleus, it contributes virtually no mitochondria. Therefore the mitochondria in the offspring is really from the mother. Based on mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) from individuals across the globe, researchers have theorized on a "Mitochondrial Eve" as the most recent common matrilineal ancestor of all living humans. Scientists believe that this individual was living around 150,000 years ago and has been used to indicate the interrelationship of mankind. Mitochondrial DNA has only 37 genes of which 13 are involved in the production of enzymes for cellular respiration. The remainder of the genes are involved in the production of the three different types of RNA. The chromosome is similar to that of prokaryotes in that it is circular. (U.S. National Library of Medicine®, 2008. Genetics Home Reference. Accessed 12/7/08 https://ghr.nlm.nih.gov/handbook/basics/mtdna)
There is a lot of material available about the mtDNA Eve theory and other competing theories that attempt to explain the origins of modern man. In addition to your textbook readings, please read the following article and then address the questions below:
tutorsglobe Question 1a - Other than the fact that we inherit our mtDNA from our mothers, what is it about mtDNA that makes it uniquely useful for tracing our heritage and what are the advantages in using mtDNA compared with our nuclear DNA?
Criteria - Minimum 200 word limit and no page requirement; cite any source(s) used.