DQ 1: What are the three conditions necessary for one to argue a causal relationship exists? Discuss the difference between a sufficient cause and a necessary cause. Give an example of each.
DQ 2: Contrast reliability and validity as they relate to measures. What are some methods for establishing the validity of a measure? Give examples of how a researcher may attempt to show measure reliability and validity.
DQ 3: Seven common errors when developing questions are: overly complex questions, leading questions, loaded questions, ambiguous questions, double-barreled items, assumptions made, and burdensome questions. Develop four questions that may be used in a questionnaire. For three of the questions, purposely include one of the seven aforementioned errors in the question. The fourth question should be your best attempt to avoid all errors.