Problem 1: The concept of 'pay equity' means all employees are paid fairly for their work, regardless of gender, race, ethnicity, or other personal characteristics. The root causes of pay equity issues in Malaysia are complex and multifaceted and can include a range of factors such as gender- based discrimination, occupational segregation, and the unequal distribution of education and training opportunities. Elaborate how this can be improved through the following:
a. Merit-based performance management system.
b. Equality and inclusion policies and practices.
Problem 2: The gender income gap problem does not only impact the labour-market performance in Malaysia, but also greatly hinders the opportunities for Malaysian women who are restricted in their careers, and consequently their lives. Narrowing the gender pay gap requires the Malaysian government, the employers and the societies to take concrete steps to address gender bias and occupational segregation in workplaces. Outline the THREE (3) required efforts by the government, the employers and societies respectively to achieve this objective.