Analytical Questions:
Question 1) For each of the following changes, show the effect on the demand curve, and state what will happen to market equilibrium price and quantity in the short run.
a. Consumers expect that the price of the good will be higher in the future.
b. The price of a substitute good rises.
c. Consumer incomes fall, and the good is normal.
d. Consumer incomes fall, and the good is inferior.
e. A medical report is published showing that this good is hazardous to your health.
f. The price of the good rises.
Question 2) For each of the following changes, show the effect on the supply curve, and state what will happen to market equilibrium price and quantity in the short run.
a. The government requires pollution control filters that raise good on costs.
b. Wages of workers in this industry fall.
c. There is an improvement in technology.
d. The price of the good falls.
e. Producers expect that the price of the good will fall in the future.
Question 3) Suppose that the demand for oranges increases. Carefully explain how the mechanics/function of price will restore market equilibrium.
Question 4) Suppose that the demand for oranges increase. Explain the long -run effects of the guiding function of price in this scenario.
Question 5) Suppose that macroeconomic forecasters predict that the economy will be expanding in the near future. How might managers use this information?
Question 6) For each of the following sets of supply and demand curves, calculate equilibrium price and quantity.
a. QD = 2000 - 2P; QS = 2P
b. QD = 500 - P; QS = 50 + P
c. QD = 5000 - 10P; QS = -1000 + 5P
Question 7) Annual demand and supply for the Entronics company is given by:
QD = 5,000 + 0.5 I + 0.2 A - 100P, and QS = -5000 + 100P
where Q is the quantity per year, P is price, I is income per household, and A is advertising expenditure.
a. If A = $10,000 and I = $25,000, what is the demand curve?
b. Given the demand curve in part a., what is equilibrium price and quantity?
c. If consumer incomes increase to $30,000, what will be the impact on equilibrium price and quantity?
Question 8) The market for milk is in equilibrium. Recent health reports indicate that calcium is absorbed better in natural forms such as milk, and at the same time, the cost of milking equipment rises. Carefully analyze the probable effects on the market and sketch a diagram to show how it works.
Question 9) Industry supply and demand are given by: QD = 1000 - 2P and QS = 3P
a. What is the equilibrium price and quantity?
b. At a price of $100, will there be a shortage or a surplus, and how large will it be?
c. At a price of $300, will there be a shortage or a surplus, and how large will it be?
Question 10) A good's Demand Curve is: Qd = 50 - 2P, and its Supply Curve is: Qs = 40 + P.
a. When P = $10, what is the difference, if any, between Qd and Qs?
b. When P = $2, what is the difference, if any, between Qd and Qs?
c. What are the equilibrium values of P and Q?
Question 11) A good's Demand Curve is: Qd = 25 - P, and its Supply Curve is: Qs = 10 + 2P.
a. When P = $20, what is the difference, if any, between Qd and Qs?
b. When P = $3, what is the difference, if any, between Qd and Qs?
c. What are the equilibrium values of P and Q?
Question 12) List the major non-price determinants of demand.
Question 13) List the major non-price determinants of supply.
Perfect Competition and Monopoly:
Analytical Questions
Problem 1) A perfectly competitive firm has total revenue and total cost curves given by:
TR = 100Q
TC = 5,000 + 2Q + 0.2 Q2
a. Find the profit-maximizing output for this firm.
b. What profit does the firm make?
Problem 2) What does it mean to say that a perfectly competitive firm is a price taker? Can't a firm set any price it chooses?
Problem 3) Why would a firm choose to remain in an industry in which it makes an economic profit of zero?
Problem 4) You've been hired by an unprofitable firm to determine whether it should shut down its operation. The firm currently uses 70 workers to produce 300 units of output per day. The daily wage (per worker) is $100, and the price of the firm's output is $30. The cost of other variable inputs is $500 per day. Although you don't know the firm's fixed cost, you know that it is high enough that the firm's total costs exceed its total revenue. You know that the marginal cost of the last unit is $30. Should the firm continue to operate at a loss? Carefully explain your answer.
Problem 5) Suppose that a perfectly competitive industry is in long-run equilibrium, and demand increases. Explain the short- and long-run effects on the firm and the industry.
Short run:
Long run: