Homework: Recommendation Memos for IS Projects
A recommendation memo is a routinely used document in leading firms, and you may be writing such memos to executive leadership to "sell" or elevate an initiative. Therefore, it is essential that you gain some practice at writing them. The purpose of a recommendation memo is to concisely recommend a course of action and provide rationale supporting the recommendation. This note describes how your team should approach writing a recommendation memo for the case homework. The second part of this note gives you a sample memo that you should use to write your own memos for these homework. Note that the format of the memos may vary from company to company. Therefore, while following the memo format as given in this note, bear in mind that the goal here is to expose you to memo writing rather than force a memo format on you.
What is a recommendation memo?
The recommendation memo is a one-two page document (not including exhibits) that recommends your course of action and rationale. This format promotes a concise and clear strategic thought process. Equally importantly, it mimics managerial practice. If your memo exceeds 2 pages, it is TOO long!
Elements of a Recommendation Memo
• First Paragraph
This paragraph expresses your intent or action (This recommends......).
o Topic overview (the "what", not "when" or "how"): costs, funding, etc.
o Ends with the hook: selling idea, the "why" or payoff: this part reveals the author's point of view.
• Checklist
o Is there a clear purpose, objective?
• Background
This paragraph explains why we are talking about this today. It lays out the story.
o Historical: not "new" news (i.e., none of your case analysis will appear here).
o Highlights what brought us to this moment, why we are in this position, what brought about the need to make this decision.
o Dimensionalize the importance to the organization (e.g., important profit goal).
o Constraints - such as budget, capacity, technology, people, etc.
o This section is both brief and factual.
• Checklist
o Is the background clear, concise, and easy to follow?
o Does it explain why action is needed now?
o Does the appropriate sense of urgency come across?
• Recommendation
Here, you detail what to do, when to do it and how to do it.
o The details of "what", "when", and "how". NO "why".
o This section should be very specific (100% clear). It must be actionable (How much will it cost, when, how, who). The reader should be
able to read this and know how to carry out this recommendation.
o Some cases will require more than one recommendation.
Checklist
o Is the recommendation clear and actionable? Could someone else implement it?
• Basis for Recommendation
Here the reader learns WHY each recommendation is the UNIQUE right thing to do.
o 2-3 solid reasons are typical. Any other action should seem less appealing.
o This section flows from the opening "hook"; links to the original recommendation.
o Support includes impact on profit, share, AND anything else affecting long-term business goals.
o Analysis should address applicable quantitative issues such as NPV, break even analysis, pro forma statement of project budget, sensitivity analysis; as well as qualitative issues, such as, technology consistency, architectural conformance, innovation potential, etc.
o Appeals to precedent and anecdotal evidence in absence of data, but only in limited, carefully constrained manner.
o Shows how the recommendation will put the firm at a competitive advantage or is simply a competitive necessity.
o The goal is to read the basis and conclude the recommendation.
• Checklist
o Is the recommendation an inescapable conclusion of the basis?
o Does the basis for recommendation appropriately consider:
- Core competencies and consistency with mission?
- External customers and internal clients?
- Competitors?
- Attractiveness - quantitative measures if applicable (e.g., NPV, ROI, break-even, payback)?
o Are all assumptions explicitly stated (e.g., needs, technology trends)?
• Discussion
o Outline other alternatives not selected.
o Discuss risks and key assumptions (use full disclosure, reference Options Grid) of your recommendation.
o When you give a precise number or range, you must support the basis as well.
Checklist
o Is the analysis thorough with key alternatives fairly considered (see the attachment Options Grid)?
o Risks associated with recommendation are properly addressed?
• Next Steps
o Orient to the reader
o Specify date and action needed (what will be done, by whom, and by when)
• Checklist
o Clear follow-up/next steps?
o If appropriate, lay out timeline with key milestones to implement recommendation.
• EXHIBITS
o An Exhibit can be a graph, grid, or simple table (more than four lines).
o List assumptions used in calculations. Do not assume that the reader can read between the lines. So, make every assumption explicit.
o Exhibits should have Title, sources, footnotes to calculation. The point of the Exhibit should be instantly clear to the reader.
o Exhibits should be cited in the proper order (i.e., do not cite Exhibit 4 first in your Memo and then Exhibit 2).
• Checklist
o Is the analysis precise, accurate, and data-based?
o Are the exhibits clearly laid out, titled, and referenced in the memo?
o Is every assumption explicitly listed?
Format your homework according to the following formatting requirements:
o The answer should be typed, using Times New Roman font (size 12), double spaced, with one-inch margins on all sides.
o The response also includes a cover page containing the title of the homework, the student's name, the course title, and the date. The cover page is not included in the required page length.
o Also include a reference page. The Citations and references must follow APA format. The reference page is not included in the required page length.
Attachment:- Agoda.rar