KIDNEY (RENAL FAILURE) - RF -
Partial or total inability of kidney to carry excretory functions is called RF.
It leads to uremia (excess of urea in blood), salt-water imbalance stop secretion of erythropoietin.
Causes - Tubular injury, infection, bacterial toxins, glomerulonephritis, arterial or venous obstructions, int. precipitation of caclcium & urates, drug reaction, haemorrhage etc.
RENAL TRANSPLANTATION -
Grafting of kidney from a proper donor.
First kidney tranplant in world was performed between identical twins in 1954 by Dr Charles Hufnogel.
A living donor is used, if not available then cardiveric donor (cordover is a dead body) is used pretransplant prepartation. It includes haemodialysis to ensure normal metabolic state.
DONOR SELECTION & KIDNEY PRESERVATION -
A kidney donor should be free of hypertension, diabetes & melignancy.
Cardaveric kidney is obtained from brain death person. Kidney are removed as early as possible, flushed with special cooling solutions such as mannitol & stored in iced solution. Preserved kidney usually fucntion normaly if transplanted within 48 hrs.