1) Kant writes: "It is impossible to think of anything at all in the world, or even beyond it, that could be taken to be good beyond limitation, except a good will" (4:393). Explain what Kant means and how his view differs from Aristotle's and Mill's. Consider in particular Kant's view about virtues of character and happiness.
2) Mill writes that "the motive has nothing to do with the morality of the action, though much with the worth of the agent" (Utilitarianism, p. 195). Explain how Mill's view differs from Kant's.
Make sure to discuss some examples.
3) Aristotle writes that "the man who does not rejoice in noble actions is not even good" (1099a8).
Explain how Aristotle's view differs from Kant's. Make sure to discuss some examples.
4) The first formula of the Categorical Imperative (Formula of the Universal Law) runs as follows: "[S]o act as if the maxim of your action were to become by your will a universal law of nature" (4:421). Explain how this is supposed to work as a test for determining the morality of actions.
Discuss one of Kant's examples, picking the example that you find most convincing.
5) For Kant, a maxim may fail to satisfy the first formula of the Categorical Imperative (Formula of the Universal Law) for two different reasons. Explain what these reasons are, and illustrate the difference by discussing some of Kant's examples.
6) State Kant's second formula of the Categorical Imperative (Formula of Humanity) and illustrate how it is supposed to work as a test for determining the morality of actions by discussing one of Kant's examples. (Pick the example that you find most convincing.)