For each patient, note whether you think each of the following cardiac parameters would be elevated, depressed, or about normal based on the descriptions above.
a) Joe is suffering from a spasm in his left main coronary artery impairing blood flow to the heart. This can cause considerable pain, but what concerns us here is that delivery of oxygen to most of the heart is impaired by limiting myosin ATPase function and contraction of the ventricular muscle
b) Bill is having a vaso-vagal episode which results in acetylcholine being released onto the atria from fibers running in the vagus nerve
c) Mary fell, experiencing a deep cut that lead to the loss of around 500mL of blood. The bleeding has been stopped, but no fluids have been given to replace the lost blood.
d) Hank has just been stung by a bee to which he is highly allergic. Huge amounts of histamine are being released from a series of mast cells. Histamine causes (among other things) the relaxation of smooth muscles in the arterioles and veins.
i) Systemic resistance is
ii) Venous compliance is
iii) Cardiac Contractility is
iv) Heart rate is
v) Venous blood pressure is
vi) Arterial blood pressure is
vii) Stroke Volume is
viii) Cardiac output is
Tell whether each of the parameters above would be increased decreased or not significantly changed. I am less concerned with the answer than I am the reasoning behind the answer so explanations are much needed.
I have a heard time deducing whether venous blood pressure and compliance increases or decreases, or when arterial blood pressure increases