It uses a 160-bit hash but lately most organizations are


Secure Hash Algorithm is the current hashing standard established by the National Institute for Standard and Technology. It uses a 160-bit hash but lately most organizations are moving toward a 256-bit hash.

  • Is a 128-bit hash no longer sufficient for integrity checks?
  • Explain the likelihood of a collision in a 128-bit hash. You do not need to explain the mathematics.

A digital signature is a technique to validate the integrity and authenticity of a message. The signature provides assurance that the sender is the true sender, and the message has not been changed during transmission.

  • What are the similarities between a digital signature and a handwritten signature?
  • Differentiate among the three different classes of digital signatures.

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