1. In a research project intended to gather data on the effects of type of study methods on examination performance, participants are randomly assigned to one of two conditions. In one condition they study alone, using notes they took during class lectures. In a second condition, participants study in interactive groups with notes from class lectures. The amount of time spent studying is held constant. All students then take the same exam. In this study:
(a) What is the independent variable?
(b) What is the dependent variable?
(c) Identify the control and experimental groups?
(d) Is the independent variable manipulated, or is it a participant variable?
2. Gerontologists interested in the effects of age on reaction time have two groups of participants take a test in which they must indicate as quickly as possible whether a probe word is a member of a previous set of words. One group of participant is between the ages of 25 and 45, whereas the other group is between the ages of 55 and 75. The time it takes to make the response is measured. In this study:
(a) What is the independent variable?
(b) What is the dependent variable?
(c) Identify the control and experimental groups.
(d) Is the independent variable manipulated, or is it a participant variable?