Suppose there are two possible income distributions in a society of ten people. In the first distribution, nine people have incomes of $30,000 and one person has an income of $10,000. In the second distribution, all ten people have incomes of $25,000.
If the society had the first income distribution, the utilitarian would argue that the marginal utility of income for the person with an income of $10,000 is lower or higher than the marginal utility of income for someone with an income of $30,000? Should income be redistributed?
Rawls considers which distribution to be more equitable? While Nozick considers which distribution to be more equitable?