Problem
Dr. Colby administered a battery of psychological tests to Martin, a 9-year-old boy. Martin was referred for psychological testing by his elementary school because the boy was showing significant academic and behavioral problems. After examining Martin, Dr. Colby stated in his written report, "Martin's test results indicated high levels of psychasthenia, suggesting that he is fixated at the phallic stage. It is very possible that he will experience a psychotic breakdown in the near future." Dr. Colby also wrote, "Martin's Full-Scale IQ score on the WAIS-III was below the 2nd percentile, indicating mental deficiency." After Dr. Colby gave Martin's parents a verbal summary of his findings, they were very upset. They asked Dr. Colby for copies of Martin's test scores and the written report. Dr. Colby refused, stating that giving unauthorized individuals these materials would compromise the validity of the tests. Upon leaving the psychologist's office, Martin said to his distraught parents, "That was a test to see if I can go to soccer camp this summer, right? The doctor never said so, but I know that's why! I can't wait for camp!"
i. Identify three specific ethical violations committed by Dr. Colby.
ii. For each violation, describe a more ethical practice.