1- How was the Distributable Net Income (DNI) approach developed, including which other codes sections models were integrated into the DNI concept?
2. Does the double taxation concept exist incurrent IRC DNI model; if so when and why and if not when and why, or is there a conduit approach used, explain the process if yes?
3. Discuss: a- the personal exemption; and b- the standard deduction and how they are implemented.
4. Discuss the Charitable Deduction in detail, including impact on DNI, if any and application of Section 170
5. Discuss how Net Operatings losses operate in estates or trusts, comparing and distinguishing them.
Cite your source in the body of your answer according to the APA Manual 6th Edition.