Response to the following discussion:
1. All the model and theories can be applied on different occasions depending on what the issue is, and we can apply more than one theory or model to change behavior. I prefer to use the Health Belief Model which consists of four constructs. I chose this model because it focuses on the beliefs and attitudes of people, and you have to be willing to accept change to improve health behavior. It is also a step by step model that enable you to interact with individual to see their view point on the issue,and ways to improve their health.The first construct is to perceived susceptibility is an excellent way to change health behavior, when people realize they are at risk for a disease they are likely to adopt healthy behavior to decrease risk. Perceived susceptibility in a particular group of race and ethnic women for breast and cervical cancer encourages them to get screening services. The perceived severity is another way to understand health behavior among the population. Some women will recognize the seriousness of breast and cervical cancer due to their belief or the effect it will have on them.
Others will perceive the severity if they get medical information and knowledge from physicians. The third construct is perceived benefits when women decide to get mammograms and pap smears to decrease their risk of breast and cervical. Women will adapt to healthy behavior choice
if they believe it will reduce their risk of developing a disease. The Health Belief Model last construct is perceived barrier which is important in determining behavior change. Women often find it embarrassing to do breast cancer self-examination and others refuses to do a pap smear and mammograms testing because they feel uncomfortable, while others cannot afford the services.
Self-efficacy is also part of Health Belief Model, "is the individual confidence that he or she can do something." ( Perrin, pg 58). If women perceive the benefit of mammograms and pap-smear but have barriers, they will not even try to do it. Others who understand the benefits of mammograms and pap- smear and can overcome obstacles will improve their health behavior.
Reference:Perrin, K. (2016) Essential of planning and evaluating for public health. Theories and Models.
MA Jones & Bartlett Learning
2. After reading all the theory or model I prefer to use the ecological model, created back in 1979 by Bronfenbrenner. This model focus on the social environment and behavior factors. The ecological model includes five levels. Intrapersonal, interpersonal, organizational, community and public policy. Intrapersonal level is when individual is willing to change attitudes, skill or intention to conform a social norm (Perrin, 2016). Interpersonal relation is based in the influences on an individual behavior, by friend or colleagues. Organizational factors, refer to the influence by organization on an individual's behavior, such as free flu shots to company employees during the flu season. Community factor are the organization leader at the community level who can influence in a positive or negative in an individual, some example of community are churches and nonprofit organizations. Finally, public policy is the purpose of the proposed national and local public policy (Perrin, 2016). Contrary to the model of PRECEDE-PROCEED Model which is used for community based program planning, implementation and evaluation. Is just a guide for individual and long-term programs. This program is divide in two parts PRECEDE which is base in what need to be done, and PROCEED determine how to progress to the intervention (Perrin, 2016). The PRECEDE-PROCEED model is more general, by other hands the ecological model interacts directly with the individual at different level. In a recent study combining indoor and outdoor methods for controlling malaria vector with ecological methods. Show marked difference across biting ecologies in the efficacy of the combination of long lasting insecticide nets (LLINs) with endectocide treated cattle. Using campaign, individual education and LLINs (Yakob, Cameron & Lines, 2017).
References:
Perrin, K. M. (2016). Essentials of planning and evaluation for public health. Burlington, MA: Jones & Bartlett Learning.
Yakob, L., Cameron, M., & Lines, J. (2017).Combining indoor and outdoor methods for controlling malaria vectors: an ecological model of endectocide-treated livestock and insecticidal bed nets. Malaria Journal, 161-10.doi:10.1186/s12936-017-1748.
Attachment:- reference.rar