Problem:
Response to: An informed and vigilant public can serve as the first line of defense by noticing and reporting suspicious activities. Public awareness campaigns can educate citizens on what to look for and how to report potential threats (National Research Council, 2012). Organized community watch programs can foster a culture of vigilance and collective responsibility. These programs encourage residents to look out for unusual activities and promptly report them to authorities (Homeland Security Studies and Analysis Institute, 2011) Effective communication channels between the public and authorities can enhance the timely exchange of information. Social media platforms, emergency alert systems, and community meetings are valuable tools for disseminating information quickly and efficiently (Clarke & Knake, 2010). Encouraging collaboration between the public and private sectors can lead to innovative solutions for infrastructure protection. The public can provide valuable feedback on security measures and help identify potential vulnerabilities (National Research Council, 2012). Governments and organizations can conduct educational campaigns to inform the public about the importance of critical infrastructure and the role they can play in its protection. This can include disaster preparedness, cyber hygiene, and emergency response training (FEMA, 2009). Conducting regular workshops and drills can prepare the public to respond effectively in the event of a threat.