Problem: Nagarjuna's arguments start from the hypothesis that there are ultimately real things, and they then show that this assumption has unacceptable consequences. They are all reductio arguments. The argument concerning causation, for instance, shows that if what is ultimately real had _____________, then there could never be causation, so things could never come into existence. Question options: 1) permanence 2) extension 3) dependent existence 4) intrinsic nature