1. The United Kingdom and the United States have highly deregulated labor markets and have also seen much larger increases in inequality than has continental Europe, due to de- clining demand for unskilled workers. What might explain this difference?
2. How might consideration of the tax and bene?t system alter the ?nding of a migration surplus for countries?
3. How might government policy respond to the redistributive impacts that immigration brings about? Why do governments often restrict immigration to areas where there is a shortage of skilled workers?