The following scenarios apply to the process of calorimetry as a means to quantitatively measure heat transfer.
a. How many grams of ice at -17 oC must be added to 741 g of water that is initially at a temperature of 70 oC to produce water at a final temperature of 12 oC? Assume that no heat is lost to the surroundings and that the container has negligible mass. The specific heat of liquid water is 4,190 J/kg · oC and that of ice is 2,000 J/kg · oC. For water, the normal melting point is 0 oC, and the heat of fusion is 334 x 103 J/kg. The normal boiling point is 100 oC, and the heat of vaporization is 2.256 x 106 J/kg.
b. An unknown solid sample with a mass of 85.0 g at a temperature of 100.0 oC is placed in a calorimeter. The calorimeter vessel is made of 0.1500 kg of copper and contains 0.200 kg of water. Both the calorimeter vessel and the water are initially at 19.0 oC.