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Infectious mononucleosis is primarily caused by the Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), but other pathogens can cause similar clinical presentations, especially when the classic triad of symptoms (fever, lymphadenopathy, and pharyngitis) is present. Here are some alternative causes of mononucleosis-like syndromes:
Cytomegalovirus (CMV): Another member of the herpesvirus family, CMV can lead to mononucleosis-like symptoms, particularly in young adults and immunocompromised individuals.
Adenovirus: This virus can cause respiratory and ocular infections but occasionally presents with mononucleosis-like symptoms, including fever and sore throat.
Hepatitis A: While primarily known for causing liver infection, it can occasionally present with systemic symptoms that resemble mononucleosis.
HIV: Acute HIV infection may present with a mononucleosis-like syndrome early in the course of infection, characterized by fever, lymphadenopathy, and pharyngitis.
Toxoplasma: The parasite Toxoplasma gondii can cause toxoplasmosis, which occasionally presents with fever and lymph node enlargement similar to mononucleosis.
Rubella: Though rare, especially following vaccination, rubella (German measles) can sometimes mimic mononucleosis, with features like lymphadenopathy and fever.
Each of these conditions may present with symptoms similar to infectious mononucleosis caused by EBV, but they often have additional distinguishing features and require different diagnostic approaches to confirm the exact cause. Diagnosis often involves specific serological tests to identify the causative pathogen. Need Assignment Help?