Problem 1: When blood pressure is too low, how does the juxtaglomerular complex effect the BP in the glomerulus, the glomerular hydrostatic pressure and the filtration rate.
Problem 2: How does the juxtaglomerular complex make sure that the kidneys still have enough filtrate production to flush wastes out of the body when BP is low.
Problem 3: Explain the angiotensin-renin system in great detail and how it helps to regulate BP.
Problem 4: Explain how the baroreceptors in the aorta and carotid arteries work with the sympathetic nervous system to help regulate BP.
Problem 5: Explain how the stretch receptors in the atria help regulate BP.
Problem 6: What is the function of the myogenic mechanism in the afferent arteriole and the function of juxtaglomerular apparatus in the distal end of the collecting duct.
Problem 7: Explain in detail the countercurrent in the loop of Henle including what happens in the descending and ascending limbs, what are the roles of the vasa recta and the medullary osmotic gradient, and how does all this cause the concentration of the urine and conservation water.
Problem 8: Explain what the presence of various substances in the urine can indicate.
Problem 9: Describe the process of micturition, how it is regulated and how it can be out of balance.