1. A typical capillary has a high-pressure (arterial) and a low-pressure (venous) end. How does a glomerular capillary compare to this? what provides the low-pressure end for the glomerulus and how does this arrangement increase the ability of the kidney to filter the blood?
2. What will happen to the GFR and urine output if plasma protein production decreases (due to hepatitis, cirrhosis, or dietary protein deficit)?
3. Assume you could peer into cells of the proximal convoluted tubule to examine their organelles. What clues could you use to help determine whether movement of solutes through the apical and basolateral cell membrances is passive or active?