Problem
According to Jacob Neusner, "The destruction of the second temple marked a major turning in the history of Judaism in late antiquity." He lists four responses to this challenge. What are these four responses? Please briefly discuss one of them.
Why couldn't the wicked Tinneus Rufus bring up his dead father's spirit on the Sabbath? How do the dead spend the Sabbath? What does the story teach us about the Sabbath?