Which of the following is an approach to justice which focuses on repairing harms through processes involving the offender, victim, and community?
Selective enforcement
Broken windows
General deterrence
Restorative justice
Which of the following comes closest to what Aristotle regarded as the highest human good?
Pleasure
Avoidance of pain
Flourishing
Prosperity
Disloyalty, greed, mercilessness, prejudice, and intolerance are examples of:
Moral virtues.
Corrective emotions.
Other-directed traits.
Moral vices.
Which of the following frameworks encourages us to imagine alternative solutions to moral dilemmas, "focusing less on deciding between given alternatives" and, instead, "envisioning new alternatives" that we may not have initially considered?
Utilitarianism
Kantian ethics
Care ethics
Ethical egoism
Which of the following would be considered biogenic needs?
Money
Shelter and clean air
Friendship
Procreation
According to Aristotle, human beings are different from all other living things because of our:
Tolerance for pain.
Reason and rationality.
Free will.
Faithfulness.
When confronted with a moral dilemma, care ethics encourages us to consider:
Relevant duties and imperatives.
Equality and proportionality.
Situational factors and the needs of all involved.
Natural and legal rights.
With regard to how we feel about ourselves and our own accomplishments, which of the following would be the virtuous midpoint between moral deficiency and excess?
Arrogance
Servility
Self-respect/proper pride
Courage
Which of the following is a key Aristotelian idea that describes a midpoint between extremes of excess and deficiency?
Eudaimonia
The Golden Mean
The Middle Path
Care
Which of the following is NOT one of the universal conditions of human flourishing outlined in your text?
Cooperative relationships.
Fulfillment of biogenic needs.
Pleasurable activity.
Connectedness with others.
In order to lead an ethical life, you should avoid relying on tradition or convention as the sole source of ethical beliefs or reason for decisions.
True
False
A democratic fallacy occurs where we appeal to majority belief to justify a decision or belief.
True
False
What is a key indicator of a narrow-minded person?
Lack of dogma
Changes ideas often
Unwillingness to change
Has a great deal to learn
What term does NOT refer to a type of reasoning?
Theoretical reasoning
Pure reasoning
Descriptive reasoning
Practical reasoning
What is an example of thinking in an exclusive way, which may inhibit the process of intellectual growth and moral development?
Being a female officer
Identifying strongly with a particular political party
Coming from a family in which many generations practiced a particular religion
None of the above
Decisions should be made based on self-interest or the interests of a group to which you belong.
True
False
Good beliefs and decisions require that the reasons that led to making the decision are true and acceptable, and the conclusion naturally follows from those reasons.
True
False
Beliefs held on the basis of authority (such as laws, public opinion, or the U.S. Constitution) are always justified.
True
False
An ethical life involves thinking dichotomously.
True
False
Which of the following cases violates the principle of universalizability?
Being opposed to abortion and capital punishment, because both involve acts of killing, which is wrong.
Being opposed to abortion on the basis that taking a life is morally wrong, but being in favor of hunting for sport regardless of the fact that a life is taken.
Being in favor of going green on the basis that it is important to protect future generations, while opposing same-sex marriage on the basis that it is the freedom of equality.
Being in favor of lower taxes and being opposed to capital punishment, because your favorite author has the same views.
Which of the following is NOT one of Ross's Prima Facie Duties?
Beneficence
Justice
Faith
Honesty
Which of the following is NOT an ethical framework for making decisions?
Deciding with Consequences
Deciding with Virtue
Deciding with Care
Deciding with Practicality
Which of the following is NOT a utilitarian method of reaching conclusions?
Considering all the benefits and harms that an action would likely cause
Completely abandoning any conclusion that does not produce beneficial consequences for everyone
Accounting for all people affected by the decision
Attempting to produce the greatest amount of good for the greatest amount of people
Instrumental goods outweigh intrinsic goods.
True
False
Kantianism states that it is not the consequences of our actions with which we should be concerned, but rather the actions themselves.
True
False
What does it mean to "decide with duties"?
Determining what duties, rights, principles, and / or obligations apply to a given issue or situation
Recognizing that it is your duty to decide on a solution
Deciding whether or not to fulfill your moral duty
Following a moral code
What are virtues?
Innate abilities possessed by certain types of people, but not others
Morally desirable traits of character, such as honesty or avoidance of greed
Unattainable ideals set forth by ethical leaders
A series of ethical texts by Aristotle
What are "moral goods"?
The consequences of our actions and decisions
The consequences of sound business decisions
Gifts or tokens given to us as a result of our decisions
All of the above
How did Aristotle view virtue?
The swift use of reason
The use of practicality
The practical use of reason
The human condition
Rule Utilitarianism addresses problems that arise when otherwise morally undesirable actions might produce good consequences.
True
False